Colorectal cancer develops in the colon or rectum, often starting as small polyps that can become cancerous over time. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide, but it is also highly preventable with routine screening. Understanding the symptoms, risk factors, and screening options can significantly improve survival rates and treatment outcomes.
Who is at Risk?
Several factors increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer, including age, family history, diet, and lifestyle choices. People over 50, those with inflammatory bowel disease, and individuals with a history of polyps are at higher risk. Unhealthy eating habits, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can also contribute to the development of the disease.
Types of Colorectal Cancer Screenings
There are many different screening methods for colorectal cancer, and each comes with its own benefits and drawbacks. Common options include:
- A colonoscopy is the most thorough test and allows for both detection and removal of polyps.
- A faecal occult blood test (FOBT) can detect hidden blood in stool, which is a possible sign of cancer.
- Stool DNA tests can identify genetic markers linked to colorectal cancer.
- Flexible sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon for abnormalities.
When Should You Start Screening?
Most medical guidelines recommend that individuals start routine colorectal cancer screening at age 45 or earlier if they have a family history of the disease. Those with a higher risk, such as individuals with genetic conditions like Lynch syndrome, may need to begin screening even earlier. Screening frequency also depends on the type of test used, for example, a colonoscopy is recommended every 10 years, whereas stool-based tests should be done annually.
Common Symptoms That Indicate That You Need to be Tested
Early colorectal cancer often has no symptoms, which is why regular screening is important to stop the progression of the disease at the early stages. As the disease progresses, the symptoms to look out for are:
- Persistent changes in bowel habits
- Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
- Unexplained weight loss
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Fatigue or weakness
Family History and Genetic Factors in Screening
A family history of colorectal cancer significantly increases an individual’s risk of developing the disease. Genetic mutations, such as those associated with Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), make screening even more essential. Individuals with a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) diagnosed with colorectal cancer should begin screening earlier than the general population.
Lifestyle Choices that Impact Colorectal Cancer
Lifestyle plays a significant role in colorectal cancer prevention. A diet rich in fibre, fruits, and vegetables while limiting red and processed meats can lower the risk of the condition. Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tobacco, and reducing alcohol intake also can contribute to overall gut health.
The Importance of Early Detection
Screening not only helps detect colorectal cancer at an early stage but can also prevent it by identifying and removing precancerous polyps. Doctors have said that routine screenings are known to significantly reduce mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer. Many cases detected early require less aggressive treatment and have a much higher survival rate.
Delhi has some of the most advanced medical facilities in India, offering advanced screening and treatment options for colorectal cancer. With skilled specialists and well-equipped diagnostic technology, patients can expect quality care. Those seeking complete care for colorectal cancer can explore the best colorectal cancer treatment in Delhi, ensuring they receive timely and effective interventions.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers with regular screening and lifestyle changes. Understanding risk factors, recognizing early symptoms, and undergoing timely screenings can make a significant difference in outcomes.
References:
- https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/screening/index.html
- https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/screening-fact-sheet#what-methods-are-used-to-screen-people-for-colorectal-cancer
